HOWTO: Pass a short from C to MASM by Value & Returning short

• Microsoft C for MS-DOS, versions 5.1, 5.1a, 6.0, 6.0a, 6.0ax
• Microsoft C for OS/2, versions 5.1, 6.0, 6.0a
• Microsoft C/C++ for MS-DOS, version 7.0
• Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows, 16-bit edition, versions 1.0, 1.5
• Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Editions, versions 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0

SUMMARY

The sample code below demonstrates how to pass a short from a program written in Microsoft C to a procedure written with the Microsoft Macro Assembler (MASM). The MASM function also returns a short to the C program.

Registers are used to return values of simple data types. For 16-bit code, such as an MS-DOS program, use the following conventions for returning data to a C program:

char                   AL
short, int, near *     AX
long, far *            DX:  High order portion (segment)
                          AX:  Low order portion (offset) 

char                   AL
short                  AX
long, int, *           EAX 

MORE INFORMATION

The samples below include one C file and two different assembly files. The two assembly files demonstrate how to pass a variable in small model for MS-DOS and in flat model for Windows NT. Link only the appropriate assembly module to the C module.

Note that MASM 6.1 or later and the C/C++ 32-bit compiler that ships with Visual C++, 32-bit Edition, are required to build the flat model Windows NT version.

Sample Code

// Filename: CMAIN.C
// Compile options needed: /c

#include <stdio.h>

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif

short MasmSub(short);

#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

main ()
{
   short var = 1;
   printf ("%d\n", var);
   printf ("%d", MasmSub(var));
} 

Sample Code for MS-DOS Small Model Version

; Filename: MASMSUB.ASM
; Assemble options needed for MASM: /MX
; Assemble options needed for ML: /c /Cx

.MODEL small, C
.286
.CODE

MasmSub PROC, \ 
   sVar:WORD

   mov ax, sVar     ; Load the short into AX.
   add ax, 32766    ; Because the function returns a short (a 2-byte
   ret              ; value), C will get the return value from AX.
MasmSub ENDP
END 

Sample Code for Windows NT Flat Model Version

; Filename: MASMSUB.ASM
; Assemble options needed for ML: /c /Cx /coff

.386
.MODEL flat, C
.CODE

MasmSub PROC, \ 
   sVar:WORD

   mov ax, sVar     ; Load the short into AX.
   add ax, 32766    ; Because the function returns a short (a 2-byte
   ret              ; value), C will get the return value from AX.
MasmSub ENDP
END 

  1
  32767 

Additional query words: mixed language

Keywords          : kbcode kbLangC kbVC100 kbVC150 kbVC200 kbVC400 kbVC500 kbVC600 MASMLngIss 
Version           : MS-DOS:6.0,6.0a,6.0ax,7.0; OS/2:6.0,6.0a; WINDOWS:1.0,1.5; WINDOWS NT:1.0,2.0,4.0,5.0
Platform          : MS-DOS NT OS/2 WINDOWS 
Issue type        : kbhowto 

Last Reviewed: June 30, 1999