ACC: How to Sum a Calculation in a Report

ID: Q129096

The information in this article applies to:

Microsoft Access versions 1.0, 1.1, 2.0, 7.0, 97

SUMMARY

Moderate: Requires basic macro, coding, and interoperability skills.

This article demonstrates three methods that you can use to sum a calculated control in a report. Because the Sum() function, as well as the other aggregate (totals) functions can reference only a field and not a control, you must use one of these methods if you want to sum a calculated control.

MORE INFORMATION

If the expression in the calculated control does not include another aggregate function, you can sum the expression by repeating it in the report or group footer section and taking its sum. If the expression does include another aggregate function, repeating the expression does not work because Microsoft Access cannot sum a sum. Instead, use a running sum or a function to hold the results.

To demonstrate the three methods, this article uses a report based on the Order Details table in the sample database Northwind.mdb (or NWIND.MDB in Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0).

NOTE: For calculating totals in a page footer section, use only methods two and three.

Creating the Report

To create the report, follow these steps:

Open the sample database Northwind.mdb (or NWIND.MDB in versions 1.x and 2.0)

Create a report based on the Order Details table. Select Design View. (In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0, choose Blank Report).

Create an OrderID group by choosing Sorting And Grouping from the View menu and then entering the following information in the Sorting And Grouping window:
```
      Field/Expression: OrderID
      Group Header: Yes
      Group Footer: Yes 
```
NOTE: In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0, there is a space in Order ID.

Add a report header and footer section to the report by clicking Report Header/Footer on the View menu. (In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0, Report Header/Footer is on the Format menu).

Method 1: Summing Expressions That Do Not Contain Aggregate Functions

To sum a calculation that does not contain an aggregate function, repeat the calculation with the Sum() function. To use this method, follow these steps:

Add a text box control to the report's detail section to calculate the product of two fields. Note that the Name property is the ControlName property in Microsoft Access 1.x. Set the control's properties as follows:
```
      Name: Extended Price
      ControlSource: =[UnitPrice] * [Quantity] 
```
NOTE: In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0 there is a space in [Unit Price].

Add a text box control in the OrderID group footer section to calculate the total for the group. Set the following properties for the control:
```
      Name: Order Total
      ControlSource: =Sum([UnitPrice] * [Quantity]) 
```

Add a text box control in the report's footer section to calculate the total for the report. Set the following properties for the control:
```
      Name: Report Total
      ControlSource: =Sum([UnitPrice] * [Quantity]) 
```

Preview the report to see the sum of the calculation.

Method 2: Summing Expressions That Contain Aggregate Functions

You can use a running sum to calculate totals for expressions that contain aggregate functions or that reference other controls. To use this method, follow these steps.

NOTE: The RunningSum property is not available in Microsoft Access 1.x.

Add a text box control to the report's OrderID group footer section to calculate a control that charges freight only when the order is over $100. Set the following properties for the control.

NOTE: In the following example, an underscore (_) at the end of a line is used as a line-continuation character. Remove the underscore from the end of the line when re-creating this example.
```
      Name: Freight
      ControlSource: =IIf(Sum([UnitPrice]*[Quantity])>100,0.05*Sum([Unit _
      Price]*[Quantity]),0) 
```
NOTE: In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0, there is a space in [Unit Price].

Add a second text box control to the report's Order ID group footer section to calculate the running sum for this control. Set the following properties for the control.

NOTE: In the following example, an underscore (_) at the end of a line is used as a line-continuation character. Remove the underscore from the end of the line when re-creating this example.
```
      Name: FreightRunSum
      ControlSource: =IIf(Sum([UnitPrice]*[Quantity])>100,0.05*Sum([Unit _
      Price]*[Quantity]),0)
      RunningSum: Over Group
      Visible: No 
```
NOTE: When you test a running sum, set the Visible property to Yes to verify that the control is accumulating. Once you verify that it does, hide the control by setting the Visible property to No.

Add a text box control to the report's footer section to display the total by referencing the RunningSum property. Set the following properties for the control:
```
      Name: Freight Total
      ControlSource: =[FreightRunSum] 
```
NOTE: When you reference another control, use the Val() function to convert from a Variant to a number so that the running sum accumulates the value. For more information about running sums not accumulating, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:

Q115877 ACC2: RunningSum Text Box in Report Not Accumulating Values

Preview the report to see the sum of the calculation.

Method 3: Summing Controls Calculated by Functions

If you use code to calculate a control, you must use a function to calculate its sum. You need the function to hold the results of the calculation across the records. To use this method, follow these steps:

Create a new module and enter the following code in the Declarations section:


      Option Explicit
      Dim OrderTotal As Double       ' Used for group total.
      Dim GrandTotal As Double       ' Used for report total.

Add the following procedure to calculate the product of two fields:


      Function CalcProduct (R as Report)
         Dim tmpAmount As Double
         tmpAmount = R![UnitPrice] * R![Quantity]
         ' Remember the total for the group.
         OrderTotal = OrderTotal + tmpAmount
         ' Remember the total for the report.
         GrandTotal = GrandTotal + tmpAmount
         CalcProduct = tmpAmount
      End Function

Add the following procedure to initialize the report's variables to 0:


      Function InitVars ()
         OrderTotal = 0
         GrandTotal = 0
      End Function

Add the following procedure to retrieve the total for the group:


      Function GetGroupTotal ()
         GetGroupTotal = OrderTotal
         ' Reset the variable to 0 for next group.
         OrderTotal = 0
      End Function

Add the following procedure to retrieve the total for the report:


      Function GetReportTotal ()
         GetReportTotal = GrandTotal
      End Function

To initialize the variables to 0, set the report's OnOpen property to
```
      OnOpen: =InitVars() 
```
and then Add three text box controls to the report's detail section. Note that the Name property is the ControlName property in Microsoft Access 1.x. Set the following properties for the text boxes:
```
      Text box 1:
         Name: UnitPrice
         ControlSource: UnitPrice 
```
NOTE: In Microsoft Access 1.x and 2.0, there is a space in Unit Price.
```
      Text box 2:
         Name: Quantity
         ControlSource: Quantity

      Text box 3:
         Name: TheProduct
         ControlSource: =CalcProduct([Report]) 
```

Add a text box control to the group footer section to display the total for the group. Set the following properties for the control:
```
      Name: GroupTotal
      ControlSource: =GetGroupTotal() 
```

Add a text box control to the report's footer section to display the total for the report. Set the following properties for the control:
```
      Name: ReportTotal
      ControlSource: =GetReportTotal() 
```

Preview the report to see the sum of the calculation.

REFERENCES

For more information about using sums in reports, search for "sums," and then "reports" using the Microsoft Access 97 Help Index.


Keywords          : kbusage RptTotal 
Version           : 1.0 1.1 2.0 7.0 97
Platform          : WINDOWS 
Issue type        : kbhowto

Last Reviewed: April 9, 1999