DOCUMENT:Q118432  03-NOV-1999  [fortran]
TITLE   :BUG: Block-Data Subprograms Are Not Global Symbols
PRODUCT :Microsoft Fortran Compiler
PROD/VER::1.0,1.0a
OPER/SYS:
KEYWORDS:

======================================================================
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The information in this article applies to:

 - Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation for MS-DOS, versions 1.0, 1.0a 
 - Microsoft Fortran Powerstation 32 for Windows NT, version 1.0 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SYMPTOMS
========

When an object module containing only a block-data subprogram is placed in a
library and that library is used to link to an executable file, the block-data
subprogram is not linked to the executable file: no data initialization is
performed.

According to the ANSI specification for FORTRAN 77, it is possible for a program
to include a block-data module by making an external reference to the block-data
subprogram.

CAUSE
=====

The linker links modules from a library only when the modules each contain a
global symbol that matches an external reference to a procedure. Because a
block-data module contains no global procedure names, the linker cannot be made
to link the block-data module to the executable file.

RESOLUTION
==========

In order to work around the problem, do one of the following:

 - Place the block-data subprogram definition in the same module as a non-
   block-data subprogram definition. When an external reference is made to the
   non-block-data subprogram, the entire module (including the block- data
   subprogram) is then linked to the executable file.

-or-

 - Do not put the block data module into a library; instead, link the block-data
   module explicitly.

STATUS
======

Microsoft has confirmed this to be a bug in the FORTRAN PowerStation for MS-
DOS, versions 1.0 and 1.0a, and the FORTRAN PowerStation 32 for Windows NT,
version 1.0. We are researching this problem and will post new information here
in the Microsoft Knowledge Base as it becomes available.

MORE INFORMATION
================

To demonstrate the problem and both workarounds, perform the following steps:

1. Create a static library from "Sample Code 2," below.

2. Build a program using "Sample Code 1," below, and the library you built in
   step 1. The build fails with an unresolved external error for "block_data".

3. Create a second static library from "Sample Code 3," below (workaround number
   1)

4. Build a program using "Sample Code 1" and the library you built in step 3.
   When run, this program correctly prints "3.1415".

5. In "Sample Code 1," comment out the line containing the call to "block_data".

6. Build a program using the new "Sample Code 1" and the library you built in
   step 1. When run, this program incorrectly prints "0.00000".

7. Build a program using the new "Sample Code 1" and the object module from
   "Sample Code 2" (workaround number 2). When run, this program correctly
   prints "3.1415".

Sample Code 1
-------------

   c compile options needed: none

         common /block_com/ y
         print *,y
   C The following statement causes an external reference to "block_data",
   C even though the call will never be made. A block-data subprogram will
   C automatically execute before the first statement in a program if it is
   C in the executable file.
         if (.false.) call block_data()
         end

Sample Code 3
-------------

   c compile options needed: none

         block data block_data
         common /block_com/ x
         data x /3.1415/ 
         end

Additional query words: 1.00 1.00a

======================================================================
Keywords          :  
Technology        : kbAudDeveloper kbFortranSearch kbZNotKeyword2 kbZNotKeyword3 kbFORTRANPower32100NT kbFORTRANPower100DOS kbFORTRANPower100aDOS
Version           : :1.0,1.0a

=============================================================================

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