DOCUMENT:Q118395  03-NOV-1999  [fortran]
TITLE   :BUG: Watch Expression Evaluation Gives Unexpected Value
PRODUCT :Microsoft Fortran Compiler
PROD/VER::1.0,1.0a
OPER/SYS:
KEYWORDS:

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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The information in this article applies to:

 - Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation for MS-DOS, versions 1.0, 1.0a 
 - Microsoft Fortran Powerstation 32 for Windows NT, version 1.0 
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SYMPTOMS
========

Expressions evaluated in the watch window result in incorrect values, and no
overflow warnings are given.

CAUSE
=====

The FORTRAN expression evaluator, which calculates the value of expressions that
are typed into the watch window, uses the same data type to store intermediate
values as it does to store the terms in the expression.

For example, if all of the terms in an expression were INTEGER*2, then the
expression will be evaluated with INTEGER*2 arithmetic. It is very common for an
overflow to occur in subexpressions of an expression, even if the final value
can be stored in INTEGER*2. The result of a calculation following this
convention is incorrect because this is not the way expressions are evaluated in
FORTRAN code.

RESOLUTION
==========

Avoid creating expressions that could overflow. The most reliable way to do this
is to avoid using INTEGER*2 and INTEGER*1.

You can make the subexpressions of an expression be calculated in INTEGER*4 by
forcing one of the terms to be stored as INTEGER*4. To do this, use the function
INT4() on a term in the subexpression.

STATUS
======

Microsoft has confirmed this to be a bug in the Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation
for MS-DOS, versions 1.0 and 1.0a, and the Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation 32 for
Windows NT, version 1.0. We are researching this problem and will post new
information here in the Microsoft Knowledge Base as it becomes available.

MORE INFORMATION
================

The expression "i1*i2/i3" in the sample code below has a subexpression "i1*i2",
which causes an overflow in INTEGER*4. This causes an incorrect evaluation of
the expression.

To demonstrate the problem, perform the following steps:

1. Build the sample code in debug mode on the Visual Workbench.

2. Step to the print statement.

3. From the Window menu, choose Watch.

4. Type "IAN" (without the quotation marks) in the watch window and press the
   Enter key.

5. Type "i1*i2/i3" (without the quotation marks) and press the Enter key.

6. Type "int4(i1)*i2/i3" (without the quotation marks) and press the Enter key.

All three lines should display the 3157 because they are all (500*120/19).
However, the watch window actually displays the following:

      ian = 3157
      i1*i2/i3 = -291
      int4(i1)*i2/i3 = 3157

Sample Code
-----------

   C Compile options needed: Debug Mode

         integer*2 i1,i2,i3,ian
         i1 = 500
         i2 = 120
         i3 = 19
         ian = i1*i2/i3
         print *, ian
         end

Additional query words: 1.00 1.00a

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Keywords          :  
Technology        : kbAudDeveloper kbFortranSearch kbZNotKeyword2 kbZNotKeyword3 kbFORTRANPower32100NT kbFORTRANPower100DOS kbFORTRANPower100aDOS
Version           : :1.0,1.0a

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