DOCUMENT:Q104650 29-NOV-2001 [visualc] TITLE :INFO: Default Assignment Used, Not User-Defined operator=() PRODUCT :Microsoft C Compiler PROD/VER::1.0,1.5,1.51,1.52,2.0,2.1,4.0,5.0,6.0 OPER/SYS: KEYWORDS:kbCompiler kbCPPonly kbVC100 kbVC150 kbVC151 kbVC152 kbVC200 kbVC210 kbVC400 kbVC500 kb ====================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The information in this article applies to: - Microsoft C/C++ for MS-DOS - Microsoft Visual C++ for Windows, 16-bit edition, versions 1.0, 1.5, 1.51, 1.52 - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Editions, versions 1.0, 2.0, 2.1, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY ======= The Microsoft "C++ Language Reference" for C/C++ version 7.0 states the following: ...if the class declares a user-defined operator=() that takes an argument of type "reference to class-name", no default assignment operator is generated. (See the Memberwise Assignment and Initialization section of the Special Member Functions chapter.) This statement may be confusing. However, the term "argument" means formal parameter, not actual parameter. MORE INFORMATION ================ The following program outputs "Default assignment used". The default assignment operator is used for the assignment and not Derived::operator=() as might be expected. The Derived::operator(const Base &) function specifies a const Base & for a formal parameter. Because there is no operator=() that specifies a formal parameter of type "reference to class- name", the default assignment operator is generated and used. Some compiler vendors have interpreted the C++ language differently by using the term "argument" in the specification to mean actual parameter. In that case, the default assignment operator is not generated and the program above will output "Derived::operator=() called" because an object of type Derived is an object of type Base. Sample Code ----------- /* Compile Options needed: None */ #include char* message1 = "Derived::operator=() called"; char* message2 = "Default assignment used"; class Base { public: char* OperatorCalled; Base() { OperatorCalled = message2; } }; class Derived : public Base { public: void operator=(const Base&) { OperatorCalled = message1; } Derived() {} }; void main() { Derived first, second; first = second; cout << first.OperatorCalled; } Additional query words: 8.00 8.00c 9.00 9.10 ====================================================================== Keywords : kbCompiler kbCPPonly kbVC100 kbVC150 kbVC151 kbVC152 kbVC200 kbVC210 kbVC400 kbVC500 kbVC600 Technology : kbVCsearch kbVC400 kbAudDeveloper kbZNotKeyword8 kbvc150 kbvc100 kbZNotKeyword3 kbVC500 kbVC600 kbVC151 kbVC200 kbVC210 kbVC32bitSearch kbVC16bitSearch kbVC152 kbVC500Search Version : :1.0,1.5,1.51,1.52,2.0,2.1,4.0,5.0,6.0 Issue type : kbinfo ============================================================================= THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY. Copyright Microsoft Corporation 2001.