DOCUMENT:Q131549  29-DEC-1999  [foxpro]
TITLE   :INFO: Use Place-Holder Commas in Calls with Missing Parameters
PRODUCT :Microsoft FoxPro
PROD/VER:WINDOWS:3.0,5.0,6.0
OPER/SYS:
KEYWORDS:kbcode kbvfp300 kbvfp500 kbvfp600

======================================================================
3.00
WINDOWS

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The information in this article applies to:

 - Microsoft Visual FoxPro for Windows, versions 3.0, 5.0, 6.0 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY
=======

This article shows by example how to pass parameters to functions, procedures,
or methods by using place-holder commas for empty values that will take a
default value. When you pass nothing, the function receives false (.F.) as the
value for that argument.

This Visual FoxPro behavior is different from the behavior of FoxPro version 2.6.
In FoxPro version 2.6, you could pass fewer arguments than total number of
parameters only if the blank arguments came after the valid (full) arguments.

MORE INFORMATION
================

In Visual FoxPro version 3.0, you can pass fewer arguments than are requested by
a function, method, or procedure by using place-holder commas when you call it.

Code Sample
-----------

To demonstrate passing blank parameters, copy the following code into a program
file called FOXTEST.PRG and run it:

   *** BEGINNING OF SAMPLE CODE ***

   *****************************************************************
   *                         FOXTEST.PRG                           *
   *   Demonstrates How Visual FoxPro Allows Passing Blank Values  *
   *         For Parameters Anywhere In the Parameter List         *
   *                                                               *
   *****************************************************************

   SomeDate = mydate(3,4,95) && Pass values for all parameters
   WAIT WINDOW SomeDate

   SomeDate = mydate(4,,94) && Pass blank values for 2nd parameter
   WAIT WINDOW SomeDate

   SomeDate = mydate(,4,)   && Pass blank values for 1st and 3rd
   WAIT WINDOW SomeDate     && parameters

   SomeDate = mydate(,,94)  && Pass blank values for 1st and 2nd
   WAIT WINDOW SomeDate     && parameters

   SomeDate = mydate(4,,)   && Pass blank values for 2nd and 3rd
   WAIT WINDOW SomeDate     && parameters (This is the only way FoxPro

   && 2.x allowed blank values to be passed, && at the end of
   the parameter list only.)

   PROCEDURE MyDate
   PARAMETERS Month,Day,Year

   * Give each variable a default value for the missing parameters.

   DO CASE

   CASE TYPE("Day")="L" lcday="01" CASE TYPE("Day")="N" lcday=ALLTRIM(STR(DAY))

   ENDCASE

   DO CASE

   CASE TYPE("Year")="L" lcyear="95" CASE TYPE("Year")="N"
   lcyear=ALLTRIM(STR(Year))

   ENDCASE

   DO CASE

   CASE TYPE("Month")="L" lcmonth="01" CASE TYPE("Month")="N"
   lcmonth=ALLTRIM(STR(Month))

   ENDCASE

   RETURN lcmonth+"/"+lcday+"/"+lcyear

   *** End Of Sample Code ***

REFERENCES
==========

For more information about passing parameters in a parameter list, refer to the
Visual FoxPro Help file, "Parameters Command" topic.

Additional query words: VFoxWin

======================================================================
Keywords          : kbcode kbvfp300 kbvfp500 kbvfp600 
Technology        : kbVFPsearch kbAudDeveloper kbVFP300 kbVFP500 kbVFP600
Version           : WINDOWS:3.0,5.0,6.0
Issue type        : kbinfo

=============================================================================

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS
PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND.  MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS
ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  IN NO
EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF
MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE
POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.  SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY.

Copyright Microsoft Corporation 1999.