DOCUMENT:Q240866 03-MAY-2001 [visualc] TITLE :BUG: C2989 and C2988 on Class Template Partial Specializations PRODUCT :Microsoft C Compiler PROD/VER:winnt:5.0,6.0 OPER/SYS: KEYWORDS:kbtemplate kbCompiler kbCPPonly kbVC500 kbVC500bug kbVC600 kbVC600bug ====================================================================== ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The information in this article applies to: - The C/C++ Compiler (CL.EXE), included with: - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Enterprise Edition, version 5.0 - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Professional Edition, version 5.0 - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Enterprise Edition, version 6.0 - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Professional Edition, version 6.0 - Microsoft Visual C++, 32-bit Learning Edition, version 6.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SYMPTOMS ======== You may get the following error message if you try to use class template partial specializations: error C2989: 'A' : template class has already been defined as a non-template class error C2988: unrecognizable template declaration/definition Please refer to the sample in the More Information section for details. CAUSE ===== The compiler does not support class template partial specializations as specified in the C++ Standard (14.5.4.1) quoted here: 1- A primary class template declaration is one in which the class template name is an identifier. A template declaration in which the class template name is a template-id, is a partial specialization of the class template named in the template-id. A partial specialization of a class template provides an alternative definition of the template that is used instead of the primary definition when the arguments in a specialization match those given in the partial specialization (temp.class.spec.match). The primary template shall be declared before any specializations of that template. If a template is partially specialized then that partial specialization shall be declared before the first use of that partial specialization that would cause an implicit instantiation to take place, in every translation unit in which such a use occurs; no diagnostic is required. Please refer to the C++ Standard section 14.5.4 for more information on this. STATUS ====== Microsoft has confirmed this to be a bug in the Microsoft products listed at the beginning of this article. MORE INFORMATION ================ Steps to Reproduce Behavior --------------------------- The following code sample demonstrates the error. //test.cpp // compiler option needed: none // primary template template struct A { void f(); }; template void A::f() { } // class template partial specialization template struct A { void f(); void g(); void h(); }; Additional query words: ====================================================================== Keywords : kbtemplate kbCompiler kbCPPonly kbVC500 kbVC500bug kbVC600 kbVC600bug Technology : kbVCsearch kbAudDeveloper kbCVCComp Version : winnt:5.0,6.0 Issue type : kbbug ============================================================================= THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IN THE MICROSOFT KNOWLEDGE BASE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND. MICROSOFT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS OR SPECIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF MICROSOFT CORPORATION OR ITS SUPPLIERS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES SO THE FOREGOING LIMITATION MAY NOT APPLY. Copyright Microsoft Corporation 2001.